How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Mirabel, I.F. 2006. Astronomy. Very energetic gamma-rays from microquasars and binary pulsars. Science (New York, N.Y.), 312(5781): 1759–1760.

A journal article with 2 authors

Gurdon, J.B., and Bourillot, P.Y. 2001. Morphogen gradient interpretation. Nature, 413(6858): 797–803.

A journal article with 3 authors

Le Galliard, J.-F., Clobert, J., and Ferrière, R. 2004. Physical performance and Darwinian fitness in lizards. Nature, 432(7016): 502–505.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Barthelemy, M., Bordin, P., Berestycki, H., and Gribaudi, M. 2013. Self-organization versus top-down planning in the evolution of a city. Scientific reports, 3: 2153.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Subramanian, M.N. 2017. Polymer Blends and Composites. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Candaele, B., Soudris, D., and Anagnostopoulos, I. (Editors). 2015. Trusted Computing for Embedded Systems. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Afzal, N., Mitkov, R., and Farzindar, A. 2011. Unsupervised Relation Extraction Using Dependency Trees for Automatic Generation of Multiple-Choice Questions. In Advances in Artificial Intelligence: 24th Canadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Canadian AI 2011, St. John’s, Canada, May 25-27, 2011. Proceedings. Edited by C. Butz and P. Lingras. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 32–43.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015. Following Nemo: Marine Life Is Heading South. IFLScience. [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1991. Grant Administration: Implementation of National Endowment for the Arts Reauthorization Act. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Acosta, J. 2013. Building bridges: A specialized training program for professionals in school settings to address bullying in LGBTQ youth: A grant proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg, B. 2017. Lost in Paris. New York Times,: C7.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Mirabel 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Gurdon and Bourillot 2001, Mirabel 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Gurdon and Bourillot 2001)
Three or more authors: (Barthelemy et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
Abbreviation	Can. J. Civ. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0315-1468
ISSN (online)	1208-6029
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering General Environmental Science