How to format your references using the Canadian Journal of Zoology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Canadian Journal of Zoology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Broecker, W.S. 2007. Climate change CO2 arithmetic. Science 315(5817): 1371.

A journal article with 2 authors

Genet, C., and Ebbesen, T.W. 2007. Light in tiny holes. Nature 445(7123): 39–46.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bose, H.S., Lingappa, V.R., and Miller, W.L. 2002. Rapid regulation of steroidogenesis by mitochondrial protein import. Nature 417(6884): 87–91.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Zhao, X., Liu, Z., and Chen, W. 2014. Porous perovskite LaNiO3 nanocubes as cathode catalysts for Li-O2 batteries with low charge potential. Sci. Rep. 4: 6005.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gregory, J. 2012. Counterparty Credit Risk and Credit Value Adjustment. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Oxford, UK.

An edited book

Morava, E., Baumgartner, M., Patterson, M., Rahman, S., Zschocke, J., and Peters, V. (Editors). 2016. JIMD Reports, Volume 28. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

A chapter in an edited book

Rizzo, J.M., and Zeitouni, N.C. 2015. Advances in Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Malignant and Premalignant Lesions in Transplant Dermatology. In Advances in Transplant Dermatology: Clinical and Practical Implications. Edited by F. Zwald and M.D. Brown. Springer International Publishing, Cham. pp. 59–70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Canadian Journal of Zoology.

Blog post

Andrews, R. 2015, November 10. Villagers Attack Mother And Child Orangutan Fleeing From Wildfires. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/mother-and-child-orangutan-family-fleeing-wildfires-attacked-villagers0/ [accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1990. Supplemental Student Loans: Legislative Changes Have Sharply Reduced Loan Volume. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Alaiyegbami, A.O. 2014. Porescale Investigation of Gas Shales Reservoir Description by Comparing the Barnett, Mancos, and Marcellus Formation. Doctoral dissertation, University of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M.W. 2017, March 8. Pension Crisis in Puerto Rico Fleeces Young. New York Times: A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Broecker 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Genet and Ebbesen 2007; Broecker 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Genet and Ebbesen 2007)
Three or more authors: (Zhang et al. 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Canadian Journal of Zoology
Abbreviation	Can. J. Zool.
ISSN (print)	0008-4301
ISSN (online)	1480-3283
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics