How to format your references using the Cancer Prevention Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cancer Prevention Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ittekkot V. Geochemistry. A new story from the Ol’ Man River. Science. 2003;301:56–8.

A journal article with 2 authors

Cepko C, Punzo C. Cell metabolism: Sugar for sight. Nature. 2015;522:428–9.

A journal article with 3 authors

McAlonan K, Cavanaugh J, Wurtz RH. Guarding the gateway to cortex with attention in visual thalamus. Nature. 2008;456:391–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Malasarn D, Saltikov CW, Campbell KM, Santini JM, Hering JG, Newman DK. arrA is a reliable marker for As(V) respiration. Science. 2004;306:455.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Egan WF. Advanced Frequency Synthesis by Phase Lock. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2011.

An edited book

Wißmann P. Electrical Resistivity of Thin Metal Films. Finzel H-U, editor. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Trüper HG, Schleifer KH. Prokaryote Characterization and Identification. In: Dworkin M, Falkow S, Rosenberg E, Schleifer K-H, Stackebrandt E, editors. The Prokaryotes: Volume 1: Symbiotic associations, Biotechnology, Applied Microbiology. New York, NY: Springer; 2006. page 58–79.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cancer Prevention Research.

Blog post

Andrew E. What Happens When Lava Meets Ice? [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/what-happens-when-lava-meets-ice/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. FAA Budget: Agency Faces Key Management Challenges on Major Issues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994 Apr. Report No.: T-RCED-94-191.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Williams C. Tattooing and the Generalized Other [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley B. A Floury Farce Leavened With Kitchen-Sink Realism in a Poignant Look at Breadmakers. New York Times. 2016;C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (1).
This sentence cites two references (1,2).
This sentence cites four references (1–4).

About the journal

Full journal title	Cancer Prevention Research
Abbreviation	Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila.)
ISSN (print)	1940-6207
ISSN (online)	1940-6215
Scope	Cancer Research Oncology