How to format your references using the Caries Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Caries Research. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Premack D: Psychology. Is language the key to human intelligence? Science 2004;303:318–320.

A journal article with 2 authors

Dietl GP, Vermeij GJ: Comment on “Statistical independence of escalatory ecological trends in Phanerozoic marine invertebrates.” Science 2006;314:925; author reply 925.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lewis SL, Edwards DP, Galbraith D: Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. Science 2015;349:827–832.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Mettetal JT, Muzzey D, Gómez-Uribe C, van Oudenaarden A: The frequency dependence of osmo-adaptation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 2008;319:482–484.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Wilson GP: Managing to the New Regulatory Reality, Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.

An edited book

Mauskopf S, Schmaltz T, editors: Integrating History and Philosophy of Science: Problems and Prospects, Dordrecht, Springer Netherlands, 2012.

A chapter in an edited book

Halabchi F: Doping in Combat Sports; in Wallace WA, Wroble RR, Maffulli N, Kordi R (eds): Combat Sports Medicine. London, Springer, 2009, pp 55–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Caries Research.

Blog post

Andrew E: Do You Even Lift? Why Lifting Weights Is More Important For Your Health Than You Think [Internet]. IFLScience 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/do-you-even-lift-why-lifting-weights-more-important-your-health-you-think/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Financial Management: NASA’s Decisions Are Based on Unreliable Systems Data and Reports, Washington, DC, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zhao L: Modeling, Estimation and Approximation in Structured Models 2017;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Fitzsimmons EG: For Families, Memories Mix With Fading Hope. New York Times 2014;A8.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text

About the journal

Full journal title	Caries Research
Abbreviation	Caries Res.
ISSN (print)	0008-6568
ISSN (online)	1421-976X
Scope	General Dentistry