How to format your references using the Case Reports in Dermatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Dermatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hobson KA. Ecology. Incredible journeys. Science. 2002 Feb;295(5557):981–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Johansson MEV, Hansson GC. Microbiology. Keeping bacteria at a distance. Science. 2011 Oct;334(6053):182–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Yamamoto Y, Stock DW, Jeffery WR. Hedgehog signalling controls eye degeneration in blind cavefish. Nature. 2004 Oct;431(7010):844–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Chen B, Wang X, Gao B, Fang Z, Kang J, Liu L, et al. Highly compact (4F2) and well behaved nano-pillar transistor controlled resistive switching cell for neuromorphic system application. Sci Rep. 2014 Oct;4:6863.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Peterson RL. Trading on Sentiment. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2016.

An edited book

Dishovsky C, Pivovarov A, Benschop H, editors. Medical Treatment of Intoxications and Decontamination of Chemical Agent in the Area of Terrorist Attack. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2006.

A chapter in an edited book

Akerkar R, Sajja PS. Artificial Neural Network. In: Sajja PS, editor. Intelligent Techniques for Data Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016; pp 125–55.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Dermatology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Three Trillion Trees Live On Earth, But There Would Be Twice As Many Without Humans [Internet]. IFLScience. 2015 Sep [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/environment/three-trillion-trees-live-earth-there-would-be-twice-many-without-humans/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. ADP Acquisition: Naval Aviation Logistics Command Management Information System. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1989.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Zitko JA. Effects of Random Cross-Sectioned Distributions, Fiber Misalignment and Interphases in Three-Dimensional Composite Models on Transverse Shear Modulus. 2012

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Claiming Fraud in A.I.G. Bailout, Whistle-Blower Lawsuit Names 3 Companies. New York Times. 2011 May;B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Dermatology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Dermatol.
ISSN (online)	1662-6567
Scope	Dermatology