How to format your references using the Case Reports in Gastroenterology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Case Reports in Gastroenterology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Tromans A. Entomology. The alkaloid defence. Nature. 2001 Jan;409(6816):28.

A journal article with 2 authors

Wang Z, Becker H. Ratios of S, Se and Te in the silicate Earth require a volatile-rich late veneer. Nature. 2013 Jul;499(7458):328–31.

A journal article with 3 authors

He C, Jiang SP, Shen PK. Large-scale and rapid synthesis of disk-shaped and nano-sized graphene. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2144.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Lanford RE, Hildebrandt-Eriksen ES, Petri A, Persson R, Lindow M, Munk ME, et al. Therapeutic silencing of microRNA-122 in primates with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Science. 2010 Jan;327(5962):198–201.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gaffikin F, Morrissey M. Planning in Divided Cities: Collaborative Shaping of Contested Space. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Mumtaz S, Rodriguez J, Katz M, Wang C, Nascimento A, editors. Wireless Internet: 8th International Conference, WICON 2014, Lisbon, Portugal, November 13-14, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

Bunkowski L, Hedstrom A. Violent Environment: Women and Frontier Coffey County, Kansas: 1855–1880. In: Farris DN, Davis MA, Compton DR, editors. Illuminating How Identities, Stereotypes and Inequalities Matter through Gender Studies. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2014; pp 55–69.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Case Reports in Gastroenterology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Can Crows Be Trained To Pick Up Litter? [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Mar [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/can-crows-be-trained-pick-litter/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Land-Grant College Revenues. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cisewski J. Generalized fiducial inference for mixed linear models. 2012

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hansen K. Even a Rock Star Has to Be Careful. New York Times. 2013 Feb;B6.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Case Reports in Gastroenterology
Abbreviation	Case Rep. Gastroenterol.
ISSN (online)	1662-0631
Scope	Gastroenterology