How to format your references using the Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology (CMGH). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Haddad NM. ECOLOGY. Corridors for people, corridors for nature. Science 2015;350:1166–1167.

A journal article with 2 authors

Sánchez I, Dynlacht BD. Cell biology: Short RNAs and shortness of breath. Nature 2014;510:40–42.

A journal article with 3 authors

Song C, Havlin S, Makse HA. Self-similarity of complex networks. Nature 2005;433:392–395.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Törnqvist TE, Paola C, Parker G, Liu K-B, Mohrig D, Holbrook JM, Twilley RR. Comment on “Wetland sedimentation from hurricanes Katrina and Rita.” Science 2007;316:201; author reply 201.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hobkirk JA, Gill DS, Jones SP, Hemmings KW, Bassi GS, O’Donnell AL, Goodman JR. Hypodontia. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2010.

An edited book

Ritsner MS (ed). Polypharmacy in Psychiatry Practice, Volume I: Multiple Medication Use Strategies. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

Ferrari S, Zanotto V. Defining Representative Building Energy Models. In: Zanotto V (ed) Building Energy Performance Assessment in Southern Europe. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2016; pp. 61–77.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Rare and Deadly, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Remains a Bit of a Medical Mystery. IFLScience Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/rare-and-deadly-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-remains-bit-medical-mystery/. 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Overview of the Adult Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program and Its Operation in California. 112127. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. April 21, 1980.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Pitron JE. The influence of exemplary followership on organizational performance: A phenomenological approach. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Phoenix. 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. Tom of Finland. New York Times, October 12, 2017, p. C11.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Abbreviation	Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol.
ISSN (print)	2352-345X
Scope