How to format your references using the Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: the interdisciplinary journal of Nonlinear Science, and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: the interdisciplinary journal of Nonlinear Science, and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Wilbanks J. Licence restrictions: A fool’s errand. Nature 2013;495:440–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lee J-Y, Jameson SC. Immunology. Remembering to be tolerant. Science 2012;335:667–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Boyd RW, Chan KWC, O’Sullivan MN. Physics. Quantum weirdness in the lab. Science 2007;317:1874–5.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Grigorenko AN, Geim AK, Gleeson HF, Zhang Y, Firsov AA, Khrushchev IY, et al. Nanofabricated media with negative permeability at visible frequencies. Nature 2005;438:335–8.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Landragin F. Man-Machine Dialogue. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2013.

An edited book

[1]

Wong L-JC, editor. Mitochondrial Disorders Caused by Nuclear Genes. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Fichter K, Beucker S. Hands-On Methods for Developing Innovation Communities. In: Fichter K, Beucker S, editors. Innovation Communities: Teamworking of Key Persons - A Success Factor in Radical Innovation, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012, p. 269–326.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: the interdisciplinary journal of Nonlinear Science, and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena.

Blog post

[1]

Hamilton K. 22 Ways To Be Healthier With Minimal Effort. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Teacher Training Programs: Activities Underway to Improve Teacher Training, but Information Collected To Assess Accountability Has Limitations. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2002.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Kratovac S. Developmental alterations in inhibitory neurotransmission in the Fragile X Syndrome mouse basolateral amygdala. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Murphy MJO. ‘Friday File’: The Whitney’s 1966 Debut (Now the Met Breuer). New York Times 2016:C26.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Chaos, Solitons and Fractals: the interdisciplinary journal of Nonlinear Science, and Nonequilibrium and Complex Phenomena
Abbreviation	Chaos Solitons Fractals
ISSN (print)	0960-0779
Scope	General Mathematics