How to format your references using the Chest citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chest. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Büttiker M. Physics. Detecting and controlling electron correlations. Science 2006;313(5793):1587–1588.

A journal article with 2 authors

Stephanopoulos G, Kelleher J. Biochemistry. How to make a superior cell. Science 2001;292(5524):2024–2025.

A journal article with 3 authors

Goldreich P, Lithwick Y, Sari R. Formation of Kuiper-belt binaries by dynamical friction and three-body encounters. Nature 2002;420(6916):643–646.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Béjà O, Spudich EN, Spudich JL, Leclerc M, DeLong EF. Proteorhodopsin phototrophy in the ocean. Nature 2001;411(6839):786–789.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yavaş M. Applied English Phonology. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.

An edited book

Bebis G, Boyle R, Parvin B, et al., editors. Advances in Visual Computing: 7th International Symposium, ISVC 2011, Las Vegas, NV, USA, September 26-28, 2011. Proceedings, Part II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

Beck AM, Robinson JW. Sexual Resilience in Couples. In: Skerrett K, Fergus K, editors. Couple Resilience: Emerging Perspectives. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2015. p. 63–82.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chest.

Blog post

Carpineti A. Scientists Have Broken A New Nuclear Fusion Record [Internet]. IFLScience. 2016 [cited 2018 Oct 30];Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/physics/scientists-have-broken-a-new-nuclear-fusion-record/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Unified Motor Carrier Fee System: Progress Made but Challenges to Implementing New System Remain. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2007.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Escobedo NL. A continuing bonds grief support group for Latinas who have lost a child: A grant proposal. 2014;

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Pond or Rink, Rangers Create Their Own Winter Classic. New York Times. 2011;B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Chest
Abbreviation	Chest
ISSN (print)	0012-3692
ISSN (online)	1931-3543
Scope	Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine