How to format your references using the Chinese Neurosurgical Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chinese Neurosurgical Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Humphries C. Cooking: delicious science. Nature. 2012;486:S10-1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Tao T, Xin K. Public health: A sustainable plan for China’s drinking water. Nature. 2014;511:527–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Melchor RN, De Valais S, Genise JF. Bird-like fossil footprints from the Late Triassic. Nature. 2002;417:936–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Stremlau M, Owens CM, Perron MJ, Kiessling M, Autissier P, Sodroski J. The cytoplasmic body component TRIM5alpha restricts HIV-1 infection in Old World monkeys. Nature. 2004;427:848–53.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Alrifai T. Islamic Finance and the New Financial System. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd; 2015.

An edited book

1. Robinson PJ. Behavioral Consultation and Primary Care: A Guide to Integrating Services. Reiter JT, editor. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Martínez-Martín E, del Pobil ÁP. Computer Vision Concepts. In: Pobil ÁP del, editor. Robust Motion Detection in Real-Life Scenarios. London: Springer; 2012. p. 99–108.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chinese Neurosurgical Journal.

Blog post

1. Carpineti A. Study Shows Evidence Supporting The Idea Of A Holographic Universe [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2017 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/physics/study-shows-evidence-supporting-the-idea-of-a-holographic-universe/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Electronic Government: Potential Exists for Enhancing Collaboration on Four Initiatives. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2003 Oct. Report No.: GAO-04-6.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Daysal NM. The effects of uninsurance on hospitals and patient health [Doctoral dissertation]. [College Park, MD]: University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Powell M. The Provocateur President Meets Athletes’ Resolve. New York Times. 2017 Sep 23;SP1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Chinese Neurosurgical Journal
Abbreviation	Chin. Neurosurg. J.
ISSN (online)	2057-4967
Scope