How to format your references using the Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Renne PR. Geology. Flood basalts--bigger and badder. Science. 2002;296(5574):1812-1813.

A journal article with 2 authors

Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D. Perspective: Tricks of the trade. Nature. 2014;508(7496):S66.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kaiser SM, Malik HS, Emerman M. Restriction of an extinct retrovirus by the human TRIM5alpha antiviral protein. Science. 2007;316(5832):1756-1758.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Wall S, Yang S, Vidas L, et al. Ultrafast disordering of vanadium dimers in photoexcited VO2. Science. 2018;362(6414):572-576.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Yoder CH, Leber PA, Thomsen MW. The Bridge to Organic Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2010.

An edited book

Baranska M, ed. Optical Spectroscopy and Computational Methods in Biology and Medicine. Vol 14. Springer Netherlands; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Pech S, Goehner P. Multi-agent Information Retrieval in Heterogeneous Industrial Automation Environments. In: Cao L, Bazzan ALC, Gorodetsky V, Mitkas PA, Weiss G, Yu PS, eds. Agents and Data Mining Interaction: 6th International Workshop on Agents and Data Mining Interaction, ADMI 2010, Toronto, ON, Canada, May 11, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer; 2010:27-39.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew E. Earth’s Magnetic Field May Be Half A Billion Years Older Than Previously Thought. IFLScience. July 31, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/earth-s-magnetic-field-may-be-half-billion-years-older-previously-thought/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Joint Strike Fighter: Management of the Technology Transfer Process. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Perantoni EJ. Course Design Based on the Kolb Learning Style as It Relates to Student Success in Online Classes. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner J. Mets Fix Duda’s Swing, With Help From an Angel. New York Times. June 8, 2017:B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine
Abbreviation	Chronic Dis. Transl. Med.
ISSN (print)	2095-882X
Scope