How to format your references using the Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. K. M. Kratter, Nature 518, 173 (2015).

A journal article with 2 authors

1. L. S. Premkumar and G. P. Ahern, Nature 408, 985 (2000).

A journal article with 3 authors

1. X. Wang, X. Chen, and L. Wang, Sci. Rep. 4, 4534 (2014).

A journal article with 4 or more authors

1. T. A. R. Price, D. J. Hodgson, Z. Lewis, G. D. D. Hurst, and N. Wedell, Science 322, 1241 (2008).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Z. He, Wavelet Analysis and Transient Signal Processing Applications for Power Systems (John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, Singapore, 2016).

An edited book

1. A. D. Hocking, J. I. Pitt, R. A. Samson, and U. Thrane, editors , Advances in Food Mycology (Springer US, Boston, MA, 2006).

A chapter in an edited book

1. M. Sugi, H. Murakami, and J. Yoshimura, in Monitoring and Prediction of Tropical Cyclones in the Indian Ocean and Climate Change, edited by U. C. Mohanty, M. Mohapatra, O. P. Singh, B. K. Bandyopadhyay, and L. S. Rathore (Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, 2014), pp. 40–49.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing.

Blog post

1. J. Davis, IFLScience (2015).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office, Basic Sources of International Petroleum Statistics (U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1980).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. M. B. Holmberg, Alternative Nitrogen for Subsequent Southern Switchgrass (Panicum Virgatum L.) Production Using Cool-Season Legumes, Doctoral dissertation, Mississippi State University, 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. G. Vecsey, New York Times B17 (2010).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing
Abbreviation	Circuits Systems Signal Process.
ISSN (print)	0278-081X
ISSN (online)	1531-5878
Scope	Signal Processing Applied Mathematics