How to format your references using the Citizen Science: Theory and Practice citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Citizen Science: Theory and Practice. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Sarewitz, D., 2010. Entertaining science, Nature, 466(7302): 27.

A journal article with 2 authors

Satheesh, S.K. and Ramanathan, V., V., 2000. Large differences in tropical aerosol forcing at the top of the atmosphere and Earth’s surface, Nature, 405(6782): 60–63.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vais, H., Foskett, J.K. and Mak, D.-O.D., 2011. InsP3R channel gating altered by clustering?, Nature, 478(7368): E1-2; discussion E2-3.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Branquinho, L.C., Carrião, M.S., Costa, A.S., Zufelato, N., Sousa, M.H., Miotto, R., Ivkov, R. and Bakuzis, A.F., 2013. Effect of magnetic dipolar interactions on nanoparticle heating efficiency: implications for cancer hyperthermia, Scientific reports, 3: 2887.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Langton, R., 2006. Stability and Control of Aircraft Systems. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An edited book

Chemla, K. and Virbel, J. (eds.), 2015. Texts, Textual Acts and the History of Science. Archimedes, New Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Sadiki, A., Ahmadi, W. and Chrigui, M., 2011. Toward the Impact of Fuel Evaporation-Combustion Interaction on Spray Combustion in Gas Turbine Combustion Chambers. Part II: Influence of High Combustion Temperature on Spray Droplet Evaporation. In: Merci, B., Roekaerts, D., and Sadiki, A. (eds.) Experiments and Numerical Simulations of Diluted Spray Turbulent Combustion: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Turbulent Spray Combustion. ERCOFTAC Series. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. pp. 111–132.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Citizen Science: Theory and Practice.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2016. Onset Of Spring In The UK Is A Week Earlier Due To Artificial Lights. IFLScience, 29 June 2016. Available at https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/onset-of-spring-in-the-uk-is-a-week-earlier-due-to-artificial-lights/ [Last accessed 30 October 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1994. Early Childhood Programs: Local Perspectives on Barriers to Providing Head Start Services.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Walters, L.A., 2015. A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Employee Attitudes, Awareness, and Satisfaction with Regard to the University Employee Wellness Program. Doctoral dissertation. St. Charles, MO: Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Billard, M., 2010. Spoil Your Wrist. New York Times, 22 April, E5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Sarewitz 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Sarewitz 2010; Satheesh and Ramanathan 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Satheesh and Ramanathan 2000)
Three authors: (Vais, Foskett and Mak 2011)
4 or more authors: (Branquinho et al. 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Citizen Science: Theory and Practice
Abbreviation	Citiz. Sci. Theory Pr.
ISSN (online)	2057-4991
Scope