How to format your references using the Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Bains, William. 2012. “Comment on ‘Orthographic Processing in Baboons (Papio Papio).’” Science (New York, N.Y.) 337 (6099): 1173; author reply 1173.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yadlapalli, Swathi, and Yukiko M. Yamashita. 2013. “Chromosome-Specific Nonrandom Sister Chromatid Segregation during Stem-Cell Division.” Nature 498 (7453): 251–254.

A journal article with 3 authors

Grottoli, Andréa G., Lisa J. Rodrigues, and James E. Palardy. 2006. “Heterotrophic Plasticity and Resilience in Bleached Corals.” Nature 440 (7088): 1186–1189.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Kim, Jae Bum, Gregory J. Porreca, Lei Song, Steven C. Greenway, Joshua M. Gorham, George M. Church, Christine E. Seidman, and J. G. Seidman. 2007. “Polony Multiplex Analysis of Gene Expression (PMAGE) in Mouse Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 316 (5830): 1481–1484.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Unhelkar, Bhuvan. 2005. Verification and Validation for Quality of UML 2.0 Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Baudenbacher, Carl, ed. 2016. The Handbook of EEA Law. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Inderbitzin, Michelle, Trevor Walraven, and James Anderson. 2016. “Leading by Example: Ways That Prisoners Give Back to Their Communities.” In The Voluntary Sector in Prisons: Encouraging Personal and Institutional Change, edited by Laura S. Abrams, Emma Hughes, Michelle Inderbitzin, and Rosie Meek, 85–114. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan US.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Lucid Dreamers Show Better Self-Reflecting Capabilities When Awake.” IFLScience, IFLScience, January 26. https://www.iflscience.com/brain/lucid-dreamers-show-better-self-reflecting-capabilities-when-awake/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1972. Reasons for Ending Financial Support to the Dimmitt Independent School District Follow Through Project. B-164031(1). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Ramberg, Kathleen S. 2010. “L’envers et l’endroit: The Other Side of the Cloth.” Doctoral dissertation, Pacifica Graduate Institute.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kennedy, Randy, and Monica Davey. 2013. “Detroit’s Creditors Eye Its Art Collection.” New York Times, July 20, 2013.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Bains 2012).
This sentence cites two references (Bains 2012; Yadlapalli and Yamashita 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Yadlapalli and Yamashita 2013)
Three authors: (Grottoli, Rodrigues, and Palardy 2006)
4 or more authors: (Kim et al. 2007)

About the journal

Full journal title	Civil Engineering and Environmental Systems
Abbreviation	Civ. Eng. Environ. Syst.
ISSN (print)	1028-6608
ISSN (online)	1029-0249
Scope	Civil and Structural Engineering Geography, Planning and Development