How to format your references using the Climate of the Past Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Climate of the Past Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Gershon, D.: Western researchers reap rich rewards in eastern institutions, Nature, 407, 657–658, 2000.

A journal article with 2 authors

Plous, S. and Herzog, H. A.: Poll shows researchers favor lab animal protection, Science, 290, 711b, 2000.

A journal article with 3 authors

Qian, H., Wang, X., and Zhang, Y.: Comment on “Disentangling the drivers of β diversity along latitudinal and elevational gradients,” Science, 335, 1573; author reply 1573, 2012.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Beebe, K., Mock, M., Merriman, E., and Schimmel, P.: Distinct domains of tRNA synthetase recognize the same base pair, Nature, 451, 90–93, 2008.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Waine, C.: Obesity and Weight Management in Primary Care, Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK, 2008.

An edited book

Varaksin, A. Y. (Ed.): Turbulent Particle-Laden Gas Flows, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, XVI, 194 p. 105 illus p., 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Hadzic, F., Tan, H., and Dillon, T. S.: TMG Framework for Mining Ordered Subtrees, in: Mining of Data with Complex Structures, edited by: Tan, H. and Dillon, T. S., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 87–138, 2010.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Climate of the Past Discussions.

Blog post

Andrew, D.: How to Make a Fire Tornado at Home, 2015., 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Highway Public-Private Partnerships: More Rigorous Up-Front Analysis Could Better Secure Potential Benefits and Protect the Public Interest, GAO-08-1149R, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 2008.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Espinoza, M.: A Latina’s educational attainment and her observations of foster youth’s educational struggles: A narrative, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh, M. W.: A Proposal for Drawing a Clearer Picture of Public Pension Finances, , New York Times8th JulyB6, 2011.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Gershon, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Gershon, 2000; Plous and Herzog, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Plous and Herzog, 2000)
Three or more authors: (Beebe et al., 2008)

About the journal

Full journal title	Climate of the Past Discussions
Abbreviation	Clim. Past Discuss.
ISSN (online)	1814-9359
Scope	Palaeontology Stratigraphy Global and Planetary Change