How to format your references using the Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Feinberg AP. Phenotypic plasticity and the epigenetics of human disease. Nature. 2007 May 24;447(7143):433–40.

A journal article with 2 authors

Maheswaran S, Haber DA. Cell fate: Transition loses its invasive edge. Nature. 2015 Nov 26;527(7579):452–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hattori Y, Tomonaga M, Matsuzawa T. Spontaneous synchronized tapping to an auditory rhythm in a chimpanzee. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1566.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Nie J, Stevens T, Song Y, King JW, Zhang R, Ji S, et al. Pacific freshening drives Pliocene cooling and Asian monsoon intensification. Sci Rep. 2014 Jun 27;4:5474.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Maré JC. Aerospace Actuators 1. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

Ogras UY. Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Network-on-Chip Communication Architectures. Marculescu R, editor. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2013. XIV, 174 p. (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering; vol. 184).

A chapter in an edited book

Bandt C, Groth A, Marwan N, Romano MC, Thiel M, Rosenblum M, et al. Analysis of Bivariate Coupling by Means of Recurrence. In: Dahlhaus R, Kurths J, Maass P, Timmer J, editors. Mathematical Methods in Signal Processing and Digital Image Analysis. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008. p. 153–82. (Understanding Complex Systems).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Scientists Discover New Kind Of Sexual Organ [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/scientists-discover-new-kind-sexual-organ/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Education and Employment Issue Area: Active Assignments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1998 Feb. Report No.: AA-98-13(1).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

VanQuickenborne T. Exploring generative change [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey G. Fans Voice Frustration, But Mets Leave It Behind. New York Times. 2010 Apr 6;B15.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
Abbreviation	Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol.
ISSN (print)	0305-1870
ISSN (online)	1440-1681
Scope	Physiology Physiology (medical) Pharmacology