How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Dede C. Immersive interfaces for engagement and learning. Science. 2009;323:66–9.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Redman BK, Merz JF. Sociology. Scientific misconduct: do the punishments fit the crime? Science. 2008;321:775.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Childers SE, Ciufo S, Lovley DR. Geobacter metallireducens accesses insoluble Fe(III) oxide by chemotaxis. Nature. 2002;416:767–9.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kim M, Ogawa M, Fujita Y, Yoshikawa Y, Nagai T, Koyama T, et al. Bacteria hijack integrin-linked kinase to stabilize focal adhesions and block cell detachment. Nature. 2009;459:578–82.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Bai Q, Bai Y, Ruan W. Advances in Pipes and Pipelines. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2017.

An edited book

1. Guarnieri P, editor. Decision Models in Engineering and Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Sourtzinos P, Makris D, Remagnino P. Highly Accurate Estimation of Pedestrian Speed Profiles from Video Sequences. In: Remagnino P, Monekosso DN, Jain LC, editors. Innovations in Defence Support Systems – 3: Intelligent Paradigms in Security. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 71–81.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Oncology.

Blog post

1. O`Callaghan J. Facebook Is Adding A “Dislike” Button. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Research and Development: DOE Could Enhance the Project Selection Process for Government Oil and Natural Gas Research. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2008 Dec. Report No.: GAO-09-186.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Amini B. Linear Matrix Inequality Method for Periodic Systems [Doctoral dissertation]. [Edwardsville, IL]: Southern Illinois University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Alderman L. Europe Surveys the Gig Economy And Wants Worker Safeguards. New York Times. 2017 Oct 1;B1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Oncology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	1699-048X
ISSN (online)	1699-3055
Scope	Cancer Research General Medicine Oncology