How to format your references using the Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Wade MJ. Evolution. Constraints on sexual selection. Science 2012;338:749–50.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Lukas J, Lukas C. Molecular biology. Shielding broken DNA for a quick fix. Science 2013;339:652–3.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Ohl FW, Scheich H, Freeman WJ. Change in pattern of ongoing cortical activity with auditory category learning. Nature 2001;412:733–6.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Lum L, Yao S, Mozer B, Rovescalli A, Von Kessler D, Nirenberg M, et al. Identification of Hedgehog pathway components by RNAi in Drosophila cultured cells. Science 2003;299:2039–45.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Häberlin H. Photovoltaics. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

S. Hippe Z, L. Kulikowski J, Mroczek T, Wtorek J, editors. Issues and Challenges in Artificial Intelligence. vol. 559. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Ferrarese G, Bini D. Applications. In: Ferrarese G, Bini D, editors. Introduction to Relativistic Continuum Mechanics, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2008, p. 147–67.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology.

Blog post

[1]

Andrews R. Ancient Collision Created Ice Volcanoes On Saturn’s Moon. IFLScience 2017.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Transportation Disadvantaged Populations: Nonemergency Medical Transportation Not Well Coordinated, and Additional Federal Leadership Needed. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2014.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Shah RA. Who am I? A biracial and interfaith woman’s perspective: A personal narrative. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Solomon BC, Villamor F. In a City of Ruins, the Philippines’ Fierce Battle With ISIS Rages On. New York Times 2017:A4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology
Abbreviation	Clin. Transl. Radiat. Oncol.
ISSN (print)	2405-6308
Scope