How to format your references using the Clinical Imaging citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Imaging. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Schlermiler Q. German research agency “doesn’t stifle creativity”, say 1,600 scientists. Nature 2000;404:915.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Jan Y-N, Jan L. Retrospective: Seymour Benzer (1921-2007). Science 2008;319:45.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Li X, Zhao J, Yang J. Semihydrogenated BN sheet: a promising visible-light driven photocatalyst for water splitting. Sci Rep 2013;3:1858.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Organ CL, Janes DE, Meade A, Pagel M. Genotypic sex determination enabled adaptive radiations of extinct marine reptiles. Nature 2009;461:389–92.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Baher H. Signal Processing and Integrated Circuits. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Fischer J, Sanders P, editors. Combinatorial Pattern Matching: 24th Annual Symposium, CPM 2013, Bad Herrenalb, Germany, June 17-19, 2013. Proceedings. vol. 7922. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Choi J-W, Shin H-K, Lee J-S, Cheon Y-J. Development of LEON3-FT Processor Emulator for Flight Software Development and Test. In: Thaung KS, editor. Advanced Information Technology in Education, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012, p. 33–40.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Imaging.

Blog post

[1]

Andrew E. Throwing Science At Anti-Vaxxers Just Makes Them More Hardline. IFLScience 2015. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/throwing-science-anti-vaxxers-just-makes-them-more-hardline/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Income Security Issue Area: Active Assignments. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Scuderi NF. Servant leadership and transformational leadership in church organizations. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University, 2010.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Sisario B. Shania Twain Returns To Top of Album Chart. New York Times 2017:C3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Imaging
Abbreviation	Clin. Imaging
ISSN (print)	0899-7071
Scope	Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging