How to format your references using the Clinical Nuclear Medicine citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Nuclear Medicine. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Zars T. Physiology. She said no, pass me a beer. Science. 2012;335:1309–1310.

A journal article with 2 authors

Senn DB, Hemond HF. Nitrate controls on iron and arsenic in an urban lake. Science. 2002;296:2373–2376.

A journal article with 3 authors

Westfall PJ, Ballon DR, Thorner J. When the stress of your environment makes you go HOG wild. Science. 2004;306:1511–1512.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Fabra M, Raldúa D, Power DM, et al. Marine fish egg hydration is aquaporin-mediated. Science. 2005;307:545.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Bauldry WC. Introduction to Real Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

Savona EU, Stefanizzi S, editors. Measuring Human Trafficking: Complexities and Pitfalls. New York, NY: Springer; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

Moumtzidou A, Vrochidis S, Tonelli S, et al. Discovery of Environmental Nodes in the Web. In: Salampasis M, Larsen B, editors. Multidisciplinary Information Retrieval: 5th Information Retrieval Facility Conference, IRFC 2012, Vienna, Austria, July 2-3, 2012 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. page 58–72.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Nuclear Medicine.

Blog post

Andrew D. There’s A Test That Tells You If You’re A “Super-Recognizer” Of Faces, And You Can Take It Right Now [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016 [cited 2018]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/brain/theres-a-test-that-tells-you-if-youre-a-superrecognizer-of-faces-and-you-can-take-it-right-now/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Financing College Facilities: Factors Limit Connie Lee’s Ability to Help More Schools. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1995. Report No.: HEHS-96-6.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Sefrit J. A study of the effectiveness of a school district’s mentoring /professional development plan for beginning teachers [Doctoral dissertation]. [ St. Charles, MO]: Lindenwood University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kishkovsky S. Choir Festival to Celebrate St. Basil’s 450 Years. New York Times. 2011;TR2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Nuclear Medicine
Abbreviation	Clin. Nucl. Med.
ISSN (print)	0363-9762
ISSN (online)	1536-0229
Scope	General Medicine Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging