How to format your references using the Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (CORR). For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Scadden DT. The stem-cell niche as an entity of action. Nature. 2006;441:1075-1079.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Hsiao JC, Fong K. Making big money from small technology. Nature. 2004;428:218-220.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Dangl JL, Horvath DM, Staskawicz BJ. Pivoting the plant immune system from dissection to deployment. Science. 2013;341:746-751.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Liu F, Yan W, Chuang Y-J, Zhen Z, Xie J, Pan Z. Photostimulated near-infrared persistent luminescence as a new optical read-out from Cr³⁺-doped LiGa₅O₈. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1554.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Wiens JA. Ecological Challenges and Conservation Conundrums. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

1. Ibrahimbegovic A, Kozar I eds. Extreme Man-Made and Natural Hazards in Dynamics of Structures. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ghosh P, Bhattacharjee D, Nasipuri M. An Automatic Non-invasive System for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis. In: Chaki R, Saeed K, Choudhury S, Chaki N, eds. Applied Computation and Security Systems: Volume One. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. New Delhi: Springer India; 2015:59-70.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. How A Hacker Could Hijack A Plane From Their Seat. IFLScience. 2015. Available at: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/how-hacker-could-hijack-plane-their-seat/ [Accessed October 30, 2018].

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. California High-Speed Passenger Rail: Project Estimates Could Be Improved to Better Inform Future Decisions. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Kennedy KT. A Heuristic Study of Religious Spirituality and Meaningful Work. 2016.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Brantley B. Theater; Dancer Plays a Dancer. New York Times. 2016:AR4.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [3, 4].
This sentence cites four references [4, 5, 7, 8].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
Abbreviation	Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res.
ISSN (print)	0009-921X
ISSN (online)	1528-1132
Scope	General Medicine Orthopedics and Sports Medicine