How to format your references using the Clinical Queries: Nephrology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinical Queries: Nephrology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wadman M. Republican candidates clash on fetal tissue in research. Nature. 2000;403(6771):694.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kroymann J, Mitchell-Olds T. Epistasis and balanced polymorphism influencing complex trait variation. Nature. 2005;435(7038):95-98.

A journal article with 3 authors

Vendrasco MJ, Wood TE, Runnegar BN. Articulated Palaeozoic fossil with 17 plates greatly expands disparity of early chitons. Nature. 2004;429(6989):288-291.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Michel P, Benz W, Tanga P, Richardson DC. Collisions and gravitational reaccumulation: forming asteroid families and satellites. Science. 2001;294(5547):1696-1700.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hoffmann K. System Integration. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Dewey S. Sex Workers and Criminalization in North America and China: Ethical and Legal Issues in Exclusionary Regimes. (Zheng T, Orchard T, eds.). Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Hara H, Kato Y, Ichinose G, Irle S. QM/MD Simulations of High-Temperature SWCNT Self-capping. In: Zeng J, Zhang RQ, Treutlein HR, eds. Quantum Simulations of Materials and Biological Systems. Springer Netherlands; 2012:53-68.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinical Queries: Nephrology.

Blog post

Andrews R. Arctic Sea Ice Has Just Set Another Record Low For June. IFLScience. July 10, 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Commercial Space Transportation: Industry Trends, Government Challenges, and International Competitiveness Issues. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2012.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Mann HM. Testing for Differentially Functioning Indicators Using Mixtures of Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models. Doctoral dissertation. University of Maryland, College Park; 2009.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly M. THE 1992 CAMPAIGN: The Republicans; Encircling Arkansas, Bush Opens Harsh Attack on Clinton’s Record. New York Times. September 23, 1992:A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinical Queries: Nephrology
ISSN (print)	2211-9477
Scope