How to format your references using the Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Jayaraman KS. Indian space agency sets its sights on a mission to the Moon. Nature 2000;406:5.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Yanina SV, Rosso KM. Linked reactivity at mineral-water interfaces through bulk crystal conduction. Science 2008;320:218–22.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Jouvenet N, Bieniasz PD, Simon SM. Imaging the biogenesis of individual HIV-1 virions in live cells. Nature 2008;454:236–40.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Dai ZR, Bradley JP, Joswiak DJ, Brownlee DE, Hill HGM, Genge MJ. Possible in situ formation of meteoritic nanodiamonds in the early Solar System. Nature 2002;418:157–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Cronin R. Reading Victorian Poetry. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Faggini M, Lux T, editors. Coping with the Complexity of Economics. Milano: Springer; 2009.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Da̧browski BP, Rudawy P, Karlický M. Millisecond Radio Spikes in the Decimetric Band. In: Marqué C, Nindos A, editors. Energy Storage and Release through the Solar Activity Cycle: Models Meet Radio Observations, New York, NY: Springer; 2012, p. 71–86.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X.

Blog post

[1]

Taub B. “Game-Changing” Immunotherapy Drug Doubles Cancer Survival Rates. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Aviation Security: TSA Should Limit Future Funding for Behavior Detection Activities. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Johnson AS. Fatigue Behavior and Microstructure of Direct Laser Deposited Inconel 718 Alloy. Doctoral dissertation. Mississippi State University, 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Johnson G. In Chernobyl, Life Finds a Way. New York Times 2015:D3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology: X
ISSN (print)	2590-1443
Scope