How to format your references using the Clinics in Dermatology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Clinics in Dermatology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Desiraju GR. Policy: Bold strategies for Indian science. Nature. 2012;484(7393):159-160.

A journal article with 2 authors

Skovran E, Martinez-Gomez NC. Microbiology. Just add lanthanides. Science. 2015;348(6237):862-863.

A journal article with 3 authors

Tuljapurkar S, Li N, Boe C. A universal pattern of mortality decline in the G7 countries. Nature. 2000;405(6788):789-792.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Messenger S, Keller LP, Stadermann FJ, Walker RM, Zinner E. Samples of stars beyond the solar system: silicate grains in interplanetary dust. Science. 2003;300(5616):105-108.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Dowd K. Measuring Market Risk. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2005.

An edited book

Raicu V. Integrated Molecular and Cellular Biophysics. (Popescu A, ed.). Springer Netherlands; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

Simos DE, Kleine K, Ghandehari LSG, Garn B, Lei Y. A Combinatorial Approach to Analyzing Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Vulnerabilities in Web Application Security Testing. In: Wotawa F, Nica M, Kushik N, eds. Testing Software and Systems: 28th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, ICTSS 2016, Graz, Austria, October 17-19, 2016, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing; 2016:70-85.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Clinics in Dermatology.

Blog post

Andrew E. How Do You Weigh The Milky Way? IFLScience. June 3, 2015. Accessed October 30, 2018. https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-do-you-weigh-your-galaxy/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. International Aviation: DOT Needs More Information to Address U.S. Airlines’ Problems in Doing Business Abroad. U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Smith B. Analysis of Hydraulic and Financial Operations of a Recycled Water System: A Case Study of the Orange County Water District’s Green Acres Project. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach; 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Neuman W. Mayor’s Ouster Is Approved in Colombia. New York Times. March 21, 2014:A9.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in superscript:

This sentence cites one reference ¹.
This sentence cites two references ^1,2.
This sentence cites four references ^1–4.

About the journal

Full journal title	Clinics in Dermatology
Abbreviation	Clin. Dermatol.
ISSN (print)	0738-081X
Scope	Dermatology