How to format your references using the Colorectal Cancer citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Colorectal Cancer. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vella D. ROBOTICS. Two leaps forward for robot locomotion. Science 349(6247), 472–473 (2015).

A journal article with 2 authors

Hedges SB, Kumar S. Genomics. Vertebrate genomes compared. Science 297(5585), 1283–1285 (2002).

A journal article with 3 authors

Collins FS, Gray GM, Bucher JR. Toxicology. Transforming environmental health protection. Science 319(5865), 906–907 (2008).

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Gao SS, Silver PG, Linde AT, Sacks IS. Annual modulation of triggered seismicity following the 1992 Landers earthquake in California. Nature 406(6795), 500–504 (2000).

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Huang F, Klette R, Scheibe K. Panoramic Imaging. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK (2008).

An edited book

Childs LN (Ed.). A Concrete Introduction to Higher Algebra. Springer, New York, NY (2009).

A chapter in an edited book

Gupta A, Al-Ahmad A. Case 5. In: Cardiac Electrophysiology: Clinical Case Review. Natale A, Al-Ahmad A, Wang PJ, DiMarco J (Ed.), Springer, London, 19–21 (2011).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Colorectal Cancer.

Blog post

Davis J. ‘Researchers Trace The Mutations That May Have Led To The Zika Outbreak In Brazil’ (2016). https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/researchers-trace-the-mutations-that-may-have-led-to-the-zika-outbreak-in-brazil/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Need for More Effective Controls Over Computerized Payroll-Processing Operations, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, (1975).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cady SC. Doctoral dissertation, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN, (2013).

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kenigsberg B. The Skyjacker’s Tale, (2017).

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [2].
This sentence cites two references [2,4].
This sentence cites four references [2,4,6,8].

About the journal

Full journal title	Colorectal Cancer
Abbreviation	Colorectal Cancer
ISSN (print)	1758-194X
ISSN (online)	1758-1958
Scope	Gastroenterology Oncology