How to format your references using the Comparative Migration Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Comparative Migration Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Owens B (2013) Mining: Extreme prospects. Nature 495:S4-6

A journal article with 2 authors

Fehr E, Gächter S (2002) Altruistic punishment in humans. Nature 415:137–140

A journal article with 3 authors

Buxbaum AR, Wu B, Singer RH (2014) Single β-actin mRNA detection in neurons reveals a mechanism for regulating its translatability. Science 343:419–422

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Potapova TA, Daum JR, Pittman BD, et al (2006) The reversibility of mitotic exit in vertebrate cells. Nature 440:954–958

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Escarpa A, González MC, López MÁ (2015) Agricultural and Food Electroanalysis. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK

An edited book

Zeng W (2013) Ricci Flow for Shape Analysis and Surface Registration: Theories, Algorithms and Applications. Springer, New York, NY

A chapter in an edited book

Woodrow-Lafield KA (2012) A Sociology of Official Unauthorized Statistics: Estimation or Guesstimation? In: Hoque N, Swanson DA (eds) Opportunities and Challenges for Applied Demography in the 21st Century. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 49–80

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Comparative Migration Studies.

Blog post

Luntz S (2015) Lack Of Risk-Taking In Scientific Research Is Hurting Progress. In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/chemistry/cautious-topic-choice-hurting-science/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1986) University Funding: Assessing Federal Funding Mechanisms for University Research. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Cao Q (2013) East Asian backpacker tourists’ motivations for participating in backpacking. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Mallozzi VM (2017) For a Bride’s Dying Father, a Wedding Built in 24 Hours. New York Times ST10

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Owens 2013).
This sentence cites two references (Fehr and Gächter 2002; Owens 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fehr and Gächter 2002)
Three or more authors: (Potapova et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Comparative Migration Studies
Abbreviation	Comp. Migr. Stud.
ISSN (online)	2214-594X
Scope