How to format your references using the Computers and Geotechnics citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Computers and Geotechnics. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

Davis BG. Biochemistry. Mimicking posttranslational modifications of proteins. Science 2004;303:480–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

Gick B, Derrick D. Aero-tactile integration in speech perception. Nature 2009;462:502–4.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 2001;414:782–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

[1]

Srour M, Rivière J-B, Pham JMT, Dubé M-P, Girard S, Morin S, et al. Mutations in DCC cause congenital mirror movements. Science 2010;328:592.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

Gaisford S, Saunders M. Essentials of Pharmaceutical Preformulation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2012.

An edited book

[1]

Weber RH. Internet of Things: Legal Perspectives. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

Kurtenbach S, Mannheim T, Hüsing M, Corves B. Content and Realization of Education in Mechanism Theory at RWTH Aachen University. In: García-Prada JC, Castejón C, editors. New Trends in Educational Activity in the Field of Mechanism and Machine Theory, Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014, p. 39–46.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Computers and Geotechnics.

Blog post

[1]

Luntz S. Medical Error Is The Third Biggest Killer In The USA. IFLScience 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office. Americans With Disabilities Act: Challenges Faced by Transit Agencies in Complying With the Act’s Requirements. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1994.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

Greene GL. An Analysis of the Comparison between Classroom Grades Earned with a Standards-Based Grading System and Grade-Level Assessment Scores as Measured by the Missouri Assessment Program. Doctoral dissertation. Lindenwood University, 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

Saslow L. A Law School Graduates From Junior High. New York Times 2007:LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Computers and Geotechnics
Abbreviation	Comput. Geotech.
ISSN (print)	0266-352X
Scope	Computer Science Applications Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology