How to format your references using the Conservation Biology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Conservation Biology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Begun DR. 2004. Anthropology. The earliest hominins--is less more? Science (New York, N.Y.) 303:1478–1480.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bodner S, Paine C. 2000. When peer review fails. Nature 407:129–130.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dloniak SM, French JA, Holekamp KE. 2006. Rank-related maternal effects of androgens on behaviour in wild spotted hyaenas. Nature 440:1190–1193.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Jensen LJ, Jensen TS, de Lichtenberg U, Brunak S, Bork P. 2006. Co-evolution of transcriptional and post-translational cell-cycle regulation. Nature 443:594–597.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Prud’Homme R. 2014. Flows and Chemical Reactions in Heterogeneous Mixtures. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Minker W, Bühler D, Dybkjær L, editors. 2005. Spoken Multimodal Human-Computer Dialogue in Mobile Environments. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Komárek O, Felcmanová K, Šetlíková E, Kotabová E, Trtílek M, Prášil O. 2010. Microscopic Measurements of the Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Kinetics. Pages 91–101 in Suggett DJ, Prášil O, Borowitzka MA, editors. Chlorophyll a Fluorescence in Aquatic Sciences: Methods and Applications. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Conservation Biology.

Blog post

Andrew E. 2015, September 26. How Your Body Knows When To Burn Fat. IFLScience. Available from https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/how-your-body-knows-when-burn-fat/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1989. Mass Transit Grants: UMTA Needs to Increase Safety Focus at Local Transit Authority. RCED-90-41. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shibata CL. 2017. Building positive body image in adolescent girls: An evaluation of a body image prevention program. Doctoral dissertation. California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin J. 2017, March 30. Elena Ferrante Series Is Coming to HBO. New York Times:C2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Begun 2004).
This sentence cites two references (Bodner & Paine 2000; Begun 2004).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bodner & Paine 2000)
Three or more authors: (Jensen et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Conservation Biology
Abbreviation	Conserv. Biol.
ISSN (print)	0888-8892
ISSN (online)	1523-1739
Scope	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology Nature and Landscape Conservation