How to format your references using the Cough citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cough. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Trono D. Virology. Picking the right spot. Science. 2003;300:1670–1.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Baker RP, Urban S. Cytosolic extensions directly regulate a rhomboid protease by modulating substrate gating. Nature. 2015;523:101–5.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Langmore NE, Hunt S, Kilner RM. Escalation of a coevolutionary arms race through host rejection of brood parasitic young. Nature. 2003;422:157–60.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Tsukada Y-I, Fang J, Erdjument-Bromage H, Warren ME, Borchers CH, Tempst P, et al. Histone demethylation by a family of JmjC domain-containing proteins. Nature. 2006;439:811–6.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Wells R. Global Credit Management. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2004.

An edited book

1. Crippen DW, editor. End-of-Life Communication in the ICU: A Global Perspective. New York, NY: Springer; 2008.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Öchsner A, Merkel M. Bending Element. In: Merkel M, editor. One-Dimensional Finite Elements: An Introduction to the FE Method. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2013. p. 57–110.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cough.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Google Has Developed A Self-Driving Car. IFLScience. 2014. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/google-has-developed-self-driving-car/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Aviation Research: Information on Funding, Staffing, and Timing of FAA’s Research Projects. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1992.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Hagarty EP. A predictive risk modeling system for the management of small-scale water and wastewater facilities: Toward long-term sustainability of our national parks. Doctoral dissertation. George Washington University; 2008.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Saslow L. Suffolk Bill Focuses On Day Laborers. New York Times. 2007;:14LI2.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Cough
ISSN (print)	1745-9974
Scope