How to format your references using the Critical Ultrasound Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Critical Ultrasound Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Charlebois D (2009) Journal club. A biophysicist ponders the application of hidden metric spaces to genetic networks. Nature 458:811

A journal article with 2 authors

Showalter MR, Lissauer JJ (2006) The second ring-moon system of Uranus: discovery and dynamics. Science 311:973–977

A journal article with 3 authors

Schmitz B, Häggström T, Tassinari M (2003) Sediment-dispersed extraterrestrial chromite traces a major asteroid disruption event. Science 300:961–964

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Xiong S, Xi B, Zhang K, et al (2013) Ag nanoprisms with Ag₂S attachment. Sci Rep 3:2177

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Batten LM (2013) Public Key Cryptography. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ

An edited book

Rizzo R, Lisboa PJG (2011) Computational Intelligence Methods for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics: 7th International Meeting, CIBB 2010, Palermo, Italy, September 16-18, 2010, Revised Selected Papers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

A chapter in an edited book

Salama CR (2009) Visual Parameters and Transfer Functions. In: Liere R, Adriaansen T, Zudilova-Seinstra E (eds) Trends in Interactive Visualization: State-of-the-Art Survey. Springer, London, pp 99–116

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Critical Ultrasound Journal.

Blog post

O`Callaghan J (2016) Was Venus Once A Habitable World Like Earth? In: IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/was-venus-once-a-habitable-world-like-earth/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (1989) ICBM Modernization: Availability Problems and Flight Test Delays in Peacekeeper Program. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Layer BD (2012) Structured plasma waveguides and deep EUV generation enabled by intense laser-cluster interactions. Doctoral dissertation, University of Maryland, College Park

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hodara S (2017) Suburban Touches With a Bustling Downtown. New York Times RE9

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Critical Ultrasound Journal
Abbreviation	Crit. Ultrasound J.
ISSN (print)	2036-3176
ISSN (online)	2036-7902
Scope	Radiological and Ultrasound Technology