How to format your references using the Cultural Trends citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Cultural Trends. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Smaglik, P. (2005). Job movements. Nature, 433(7028), 901.

A journal article with 2 authors

Rykaczewski, R. R., & Dunne, J. P. (2011). A measured look at ocean chlorophyll trends. Nature, 472(7342), E5-6; discussion E8-9.

A journal article with 3 authors

Conard, N. J., Grootes, P. M., & Smith, F. H. (2004). Unexpectedly recent dates for human remains from Vogelherd. Nature, 430(6996), 198–201.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Gao, C., Liu, T., Shuai, C., & Peng, S. (2014). Enhancement mechanisms of graphene in nano-58S bioactive glass scaffold: mechanical and biological performance. Scientific Reports, 4, 4712.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Gable, J., & Herrmann, T. (2016). Counselling Skills for Dietitians. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Pulinets, S. (2005). Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes (K. Boyarchuk, Ed.). Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Nasu, H. (2014). Alfred Schutz and a Hermeneutical Sociology of Knowledge. In M. Staudigl & G. Berguno (Eds.), Schutzian Phenomenology and Hermeneutic Traditions (pp. 55–67). Springer Netherlands.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Cultural Trends.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2013, October 2). Standing on the Shoulders of Giants: How a Louisiana Student is Teaming With Top Scientists to Reform Science Education. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/standing-shoulders-giants-how-louisiana-student-teaming-top-scientists-reform/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2014). Recovery Act: USDA Should Include Broadband Program’s Impact in Annual Performance Reports (GAO-14-511). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gelbart, O. (2008). Integrated hardware/software approaches to software security for embedded systems [Doctoral dissertation]. George Washington University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, C. (2012, March 4). Austin Auteur Tries Traditional but Stays Eccentric. New York Times, A27B.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Smaglik, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Rykaczewski & Dunne, 2011; Smaglik, 2005).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Rykaczewski & Dunne, 2011)
Three or more authors: (Gao et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Cultural Trends
ISSN (print)	0954-8963
ISSN (online)	1469-3690
Scope	Visual Arts and Performing Arts Communication Cultural Studies