How to format your references using the Current Opinion in Ophthalmology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Current Opinion in Ophthalmology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Greffet JJ. Applied physics. Nanoantennas for light emission. Science. 2005 Jun 10;308(5728):1561–3.

A journal article with 2 authors

Ganel T, Goodale MA. Visual control of action but not perception requires analytical processing of object shape. Nature. 2003 Dec 11;426(6967):664–7.

A journal article with 3 authors

Beal EJ, House CH, Orphan VJ. Manganese- and iron-dependent marine methane oxidation. Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):184–7.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Venail PA, MacLean RC, Bouvier T, Brockhurst MA, Hochberg ME, Mouquet N. Diversity and productivity peak at intermediate dispersal rate in evolving metacommunities. Nature. 2008 Mar 13;452(7184):210–4.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Somjit N, Robertson I, Chongcheawchamnan M. Microwave and Millimetre-Wave Design for Wireless Communications. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.

An edited book

Orłowska-Kowalska T, Blaabjerg F, Rodríguez J, editors. Advanced and Intelligent Control in Power Electronics and Drives. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014. XX, 410 p. 284 illus., 161 illus. in color. (Studies in Computational Intelligence; vol. 531).

A chapter in an edited book

Sanchez L, Aquino PT. Automatic Deformations Detection in Internet Interfaces: ADDII. In: Kurosu M, editor. Human-Computer Interaction: Users and Contexts: 17th International Conference, HCI International 2015, Los Angeles, CA, USA, August 2-7, 2015, Proceedings, Part III. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 43–53. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Current Opinion in Ophthalmology.

Blog post

Andrew E. Male Harassment of Sexy Female Flies Can Damage the Gene Pool. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Promising Practice: Private Programs Guaranteeing Student Aid for Higher Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1990 Jun. Report No.: PEMD-90-16.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Karmacharya B. Population Dynamics of Northern Cardinal and Carolina Wren in an Urban Forest Fragment: Safe Refuge or Ecological Trap? [Doctoral dissertation]. [ Lafayette, LA]: University of Louisiana; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Peters JW, Haberman M. Charlottesville Shifted Timing Of Bannon Exit. New York Times. 2017 Aug 21;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
Abbreviation	Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol.
ISSN (print)	1040-8738
ISSN (online)	1531-7021
Scope	General Medicine Ophthalmology