How to format your references using the Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Muggleton SH. 2020 computing: exceeding human limits. Nature. 2006 Mar;440(7083):409–10.

A journal article with 2 authors

Yang Z-F, Zhou J-H. Can we identify source lithology of basalt? Sci Rep. 2013;3:1856.

A journal article with 3 authors

Wang B, Chen J, Corlett RT. Factors influencing repeated seed movements by scatter-hoarding rodents in an alpine forest. Sci Rep. 2014 Apr;4:4786.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

Levy JS, Fountain AG, Dickson JL, Head JW, Okal M, Marchant DR, et al. Accelerated thermokarst formation in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Sci Rep. 2013;3:2269.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hopkins BR. Fundraising Law Made Easy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2009.

An edited book

Tsunekawa A, Liu G, Yamanaka N, Du S, editors. Restoration and Development of the Degraded Loess Plateau, China. Tokyo: Springer Japan; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Sanford JF, Potkonjak M, Slijepcevic S. Lack of the Golden Standard and Missing Measurements. In: Potkonjak M, Slijepcevic S, editors. Localization in Wireless Networks: Foundations and Applications. New York, NY: Springer; 2012; pp 65–95.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra.

Blog post

Andrew E. Toddler Battles Xenomorphs in Amazing P5000 Powerloader Costume [Internet]. IFLScience. 2014 Mar [cited 2018 Oct 30]. Available from: https://www.iflscience.com/technology/toddler-battles-xenomorphs-amazing-p5000-powerloader-costume/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. Highlights of a Forum: 3D Printing: Opportunities, Challenges, and Policy Implications of Additive Manufacturing. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2015.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Chlarson-Varner G. Falls among older adults 65 years and older. 2010

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dudziak ML. The Global March on Washington. New York Times. 2013 Aug;A27.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra
Abbreviation	Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Dis. Extra
ISSN (online)	1664-5464
Scope