How to format your references using the Der Zoologische Garten citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Der Zoologische Garten. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Vosshall, L. B. (2007). Into the mind of a fly. Nature, 450(7167), 193–197.

A journal article with 2 authors

Bartlett, D. H., & Azam, F. (2005). Microbiology. Chitin, cholera, and competence. Science (New York, N.Y.), 310(5755), 1775–1777.

A journal article with 3 authors

Rubie, D. C., Gessmann, C. K., & Frost, D. J. (2004). Partitioning of oxygen during core formation on the Earth and Mars. Nature, 429(6987), 58–61.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Kishida, H., Matsuzaki, H., Okamoto, H., Manabe, T., Yamashita, M., Taguchi, Y., & Tokura, Y. (2000). Gigantic optical nonlinearity in one-dimensional Mott-Hubbard insulators. Nature, 405(6789), 929–932.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

O’Connor, K., Aardema, F., & Pélissier, M.-C. (2006). Beyond Reasonable Doubt. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Doursat, R., Sayama, H., & Michel, O. (Eds.). (2012). Morphogenetic Engineering: Toward Programmable Complex Systems. Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Hauenstein, W., & Lafitte, R. (2012). Impacts of Dams in Switzerland. In C. Tortajada, D. Altinbilek, & A. K. Biswas (Eds.), Impacts of Large Dams: A Global Assessment (pp. 95–122). Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Der Zoologische Garten.

Blog post

Davis, J. (2017, February 8). Longest Freshwater Migration Revealed As Catfish Swim Length Of Amazon And Back. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/longest-freshwater-migration-revealed-as-catfish-swim-length-of-amazon-and-back/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (2010). Intellectual Property: Observations on Efforts to Quantify the Economic Effects of Counterfeit and Pirated Goods (GAO-10-423). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Fanelli, R. M. (2017). Effects of Urbanization and Infiltration-Based Watershed Restoration on the Hydro-Ecology of Headwater Streams [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Maryland, College Park.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Drossman, S. R., Port, E. R., & Sonnenblick, E. B. (2015, October 28). Why the Annual Mammogram Matters. New York Times, A31.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Vosshall, 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Bartlett & Azam, 2005; Vosshall, 2007).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Bartlett & Azam, 2005)
Three or more authors: (Kishida et al., 2000)

About the journal

Full journal title	Der Zoologische Garten
Abbreviation	Zool. Gart.
ISSN (print)	0044-5169
Scope	Animal Science and Zoology