How to format your references using the Dermatology Online Journal citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Dermatology Online Journal. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Matsuda R. Materials chemistry: Selectivity from flexibility. Nature. 2014;509:434–5. [PMID: 24848056].

A journal article with 2 authors

Morel FMM, Groves JT. Retrospective: Edward I. Stiefel (1942-2006). Science. 2006;314:1406. [PMID: 17138889].

A journal article with 3 authors

Grinberg I, Cooper VR, Rappe AM. Relationship between local structure and phase transitions of a disordered solid solution. Nature. 2002;419:909–11. [PMID: 12410319].

A journal article with 6 or more authors

Cordes KR, Sheehy NT, White MP, et al. miR-145 and miR-143 regulate smooth muscle cell fate and plasticity. Nature. 2009;460:705–10. [PMID: 19578358].

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geotechni, Laackmann K, Balthaus H, et al. Taschenbuch für den Tunnelbau 2015. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2015.

An edited book

Volpi P (ed). Arthroscopy and Sport Injuries: Applications in High-level Athletes. 1st ed. 2016. Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

Sinclair C, Macleod H. Literally Virtual: The Reality of the Online Teacher. In: Critical Learning in Digital Networks. Jandrić P, Boras D, editors. Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 77–99.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Dermatology Online Journal.

Blog post

Davis J. Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Created A ‘Dirty Blizzard’ That Lasted Months. IFLScience. 2016. https://www.iflscience.com/environment/deepwater-horizon-oil-spill-created-dirty-blizzard-lasted-months/ (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. NASA: Medium Launch Transition Strategy Leverages Ongoing Investments but Is Not Without Risk. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Shaw RM. The influence of organizational culture on employee attitudes towards information security policy. Doctoral dissertation. Capella University, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Walsh MW. Looking for Cash, Congress Finds Some in a Corporate Pension Rule Tweak. New York Times. 2012:B3.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Dermatology Online Journal
ISSN (online)	1087-2108
Scope