How to format your references using the Design Studies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Design Studies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Ball, P. (2014). Culture: Artistic alchemy. Nature, 512(7512), 26–27.

A journal article with 2 authors

Trumbore, S. E., & Czimczik, C. I. (2008). Geology. An uncertain future for soil carbon. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5895), 1455–1456.

A journal article with 3 authors

Neal, C. R., Haggerty, S. E., & Sautter, V. (2001). “Majorite” and “silicate perovskite” mineral compositions in xenoliths from Malaita. Science (New York, N.Y.), 292(5519), 1015.

A journal article with 21 or more authors

Liu, X., Han, D., Sun, Z., Zeng, C., Lu, H., Mao, D., Cui, Y., & Wang, F. (2013). Versatile multi-wavelength ultrafast fiber laser mode-locked by carbon nanotubes. Scientific Reports, 3, 2718.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Young, M. R. (2013). Financial Fraud Prevention and Detection. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

An edited book

Kumar, H. (2016). Rapid Game Development Using Cocos2d-JS: An end-to-end guide to 2D game development using JavaScript (A. Rahman, Ed.). Apress.

A chapter in an edited book

Rutschow, S., Noutsias, M., & Pauschinger, M. (2010). Myocardial Proteases and Matrix Remodeling in Acute Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy. In H.-P. Schultheiss & M. Noutsias (Eds.), Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy (DCMi): Pathogenesis and Therapy (pp. 71–88). Birkhäuser.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Design Studies.

Blog post

Andrew, E. (2015, February 10). Watch SpaceX’s Falcon 9 Rocket Launch. IFLScience. IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/watch-spacexs-falcon9-rocket-launch/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. (1979). Need for More Effective Audits of Federal Grants and Contracts Administered by Institutions of Higher Education (FGMSD-79-44). U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Iniguez, A. (2013). The Latino immigrant families and involvement with child welfare system: A grant proposal [Doctoral dissertation]. California State University, Long Beach.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, M. (2013, June 8). Quiet Campaigns Begin For Presidency of I.O.C. New York Times, D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Ball, 2014).
This sentence cites two references (Ball, 2014; Trumbore & Czimczik, 2008).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Trumbore & Czimczik, 2008)
Three or more authors: (Liu et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Design Studies
Abbreviation	Des. Stud.
ISSN (print)	0142-694X
Scope	Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) Artificial Intelligence Computer Science Applications General Engineering Architecture General Social Sciences