How to format your references using the Designs, Codes and Cryptography citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Designs, Codes and Cryptography. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Alward, W.L.M.: Biomedicine. A new angle on ocular development. Science. 299, 1527–1528 (2003)

A journal article with 2 authors

Mezbahul-Islam, M., Medraj, M.: Phase equilibrium in Mg-Cu-Y. Sci. Rep. 3, 3033 (2013)

A journal article with 3 authors

Smothers, J.F., Henikoff, S., Carter, P.: Tech.Sight. Phage display. Affinity selection from biological libraries. Science. 298, 621–622 (2002)

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Möller, S., Perlov, C., Jackson, W., Taussig, C., Forrest, S.R.: A polymer/semiconductor write-once read-many-times memory. Nature. 426, 166–169 (2003)

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hammes, G.G.: Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ (2005)

An edited book

Condello, A., Lehmann, S. eds: Sustainable Lina: Lina Bo Bardi’s Adaptive Reuse Projects. Springer International Publishing, Cham (2016)

A chapter in an edited book

Schmidt, J.-M., Plos, T., Kirschbaum, M., Hutter, M., Medwed, M., Herbst, C.: Side-Channel Leakage across Borders. In: Gollmann, D., Lanet, J.-L., and Iguchi-Cartigny, J. (eds.) Smart Card Research and Advanced Application: 9th IFIP WG 8.8/11.2 International Conference, CARDIS 2010, Passau, Germany, April 14-16, 2010. Proceedings. pp. 36–48. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2010)

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Designs, Codes and Cryptography.

Blog post

Andrew, E.: Time-lapse images of the Earth as seen from the ISS, https://www.iflscience.com/space/time-lapse-images-earth-seen-iss/

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: Maritime Administration: Improved Program Management Needed to Address Timely Disposal of Obsolete Ships. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (2005)

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Evans, A.M.: Long-Term Sustainability of Surgical Operational Improvements Post Consultancy: A Multiple Case Study Analysis, (2017)

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Vecsey, G.: In South Africa, Diversions Far From the Field, (2010)

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1, 2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Designs, Codes and Cryptography
Abbreviation	Des. Codes Cryptogr.
ISSN (print)	0925-1022
ISSN (online)	1573-7586
Scope	Computer Science Applications Applied Mathematics