How to format your references using the Development and Change citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Development and Change. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Elitzur, M. (2005) ‘Astronomy Masers in the Sky’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 309(5731): 71–2.

A journal article with 2 authors

Fields, S. and M. Johnston (2002) ‘Genomics A Crisis in Postgenomic Nomenclature’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 296(5568): 671–2.

A journal article with 3 authors

Balser, D.S., R.T. Rood, and T.M. Bania (2007) ‘Comment on “Deep Mixing of 3He: Reconciling Big Bang and Stellar Nucleosynthesis”’, Science (New York, N.Y.) 317(5842): 1170.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Wassen, M.J., H.O. Venterink, E.D. Lapshina, and F. Tanneberger (2005) ‘Endangered Plants Persist under Phosphorus Limitation’, Nature 437(7058): 547–50.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Stafford, F. (2012) Reading Romantic Poetry. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Tempesti, G., A.M. Tyrrell, and J.F. Miller (eds) (2010) Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware: 9th International Conference, ICES 2010, York, UK, September 6-8, 2010. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 6274). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Bernaert, M., G. Poels, M. Snoeck, and M. De Backer (2014) ‘Enterprise Architecture for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Starting Point for Bringing EA to SMEs, Based on Adoption Models’, in J. Devos et al. (eds) Information Systems for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: State of Art of IS Research in SMEs, Progress in IS, pp. 67–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Development and Change.

Blog post

Carpineti, A. (2016, August 12) ‘There Is A Rebellious Little Object Orbiting Weirdly Around The Solar System’, IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/space/there-is-a-rebellious-little-object-orbiting-weirdly-around-the-solar-system/ (accessed 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office (2001) Joint Strike Fighter Acquisition: Mature Critical Technologies Needed to Reduce Risks ( No. GAO-02-39).

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Verderame, N. (2013) ‘An Educational Curriculum for Registered Dietitians to Educate Obese Patients on the Nutrition Approach for Stress Management’. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Brantley, B. (2017, February 16) ‘An Everyman in Crisis’, New York Times: C1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Elitzur, 2005).
This sentence cites two references (Elitzur, 2005; Fields and Johnston, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Fields and Johnston, 2002)
Three or more authors: (Wassen et al., 2005)

About the journal

Full journal title	Development and Change
Abbreviation	Dev. Change
ISSN (online)	1467-7660
Scope	Development