How to format your references using the Diabetes Therapy citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diabetes Therapy. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Service RF. CHEMISTRY NOBEL: Getting a Charge Out of Plastics. Science. 2000;290:425–7.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Pearson BJ, Doe CQ. Regulation of neuroblast competence in Drosophila. Nature. 2003;425:624–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Abramson J, Paz A, Philipson KD. Structural biology. It’s all in the symmetry. Science. 2012;335:669–70.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Yu J, Xie Z, Kang H, Li Z, Sun C, Bian L, et al. High variability of atmospheric mercury in the summertime boundary layer through the central Arctic Ocean. Sci Rep. 2014;4:6091.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Pande A, Wolshon B. Traffic Engineering Handbook. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2015.

An edited book

1. Ferro N, editor. Bridging Between Information Retrieval and Databases: PROMISE Winter School 2013, Bressanone, Italy, February 4-8, 2013. Revised Tutorial Lectures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. de Luca M, DeSimone A. Elastomeric Gels: A Model and First Results. In: Weinberg K, Pandolfi A, editors. Innovative Numerical Approaches for Multi-Field and Multi-Scale Problems: In Honor of Michael Ortiz’s 60th Birthday. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 59–89.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diabetes Therapy.

Blog post

1. Fang J. Desert Bird Stays Cool By Losing Heat Through Its Giant Bill. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Increased Use of Expanded Function Dental Auxiliaries Would Benefit Consumers, Dentists, and Taxpayers. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1980 Mar. Report No.: HRD-80-51.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Pak CH. A study of high-performing at-risk high school students and their perceptions on academic success and achievement [Doctoral dissertation]. [Malibu, CA]: Pepperdine University; 2015.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Hodgman J. Bonus Advice From Judge John Hodgman. New York Times. 2016 Dec 7;MM38.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diabetes Therapy
Abbreviation	Diabetes Ther.
ISSN (print)	1869-6953
ISSN (online)	1869-6961
Scope	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine