How to format your references using the Diagnostic Pathology citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Diagnostic Pathology. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Hoag H. Drug development: a chance of survival. Nature. 2014;515:S118-20.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Rabinowitz JD, White E. Autophagy and metabolism. Science. 2010;330:1344–8.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Liu L, Spasojevic S, Gurnis M. Reconstructing Farallon plate subduction beneath North America back to the Late Cretaceous. Science. 2008;322:934–8.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Kasper LH, Boussouar F, Ney PA, Jackson CW, Rehg J, van Deursen JM, et al. A transcription-factor-binding surface of coactivator p300 is required for haematopoiesis. Nature. 2002;419:738–43.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Weber P, Simon C. Benefits of Bayesian Network Models. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2016.

An edited book

1. Dwivedi YK, Mäntymäki M, Ravishankar MN, Janssen M, Clement M, Slade EL, et al., editors. Social Media: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly: 15th IFIP WG 6.11 Conference on e-Business, e-Services, and e-Society, I3E 2016, Swansea, UK, September 13–15, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Ekbom B. Pests and Their Enemies in Spring Oilseed Rape in Europe and Challenges to Integrated Pest Management. In: Williams IH, editor. Biocontrol-Based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2010. p. 151–65.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Diagnostic Pathology.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. Sky Watching Event Guide For 2015 [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2014 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/space/sky-watching-event-guide-2015/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Airline Deregulation: Changes in Airfares, Service Quality, and Barriers to Entry. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1999 Mar. Report No.: RCED-99-92.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Strand K. Applying Public Relations Theory to Assess Service-Learning Relationships [Doctoral dissertation]. [Tampa, FL]: University of South Florida; 2014.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Peters JW, Grynbaum MM. Returning to Role at Brash Website to Push Agenda. New York Times. 2017 Aug 18;A1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Diagnostic Pathology
Abbreviation	Diagn. Pathol.
ISSN (online)	1746-1596
Scope	General Medicine Histology Pathology and Forensic Medicine