How to format your references using the Digital Journalism citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Digital Journalism. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Wadman, Meredith. 2006. “Biochemist Strikes Gold.” Nature 441 (7094): 689.

A journal article with 2 authors

Hsieh, Henry H., and David Jewitt. 2006. “A Population of Comets in the Main Asteroid Belt.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 312 (5773): 561–563.

A journal article with 3 authors

Huynh, Wendy U., Janke J. Dittmer, and A. Paul Alivisatos. 2002. “Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cells.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 295 (5564): 2425–2427.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Azaele, Sandro, Simone Pigolotti, Jayanth R. Banavar, and Amos Maritan. 2006. “Dynamical Evolution of Ecosystems.” Nature 444 (7121): 926–928.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Smith, I. M., D. V. Griffiths, and L. Margetts. 2015. Programming the Finite Element Method. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An edited book

Schmitt, Manfred J., and Raffael Schaffrath, eds. 2005. Microbial Protein Toxins. Vol. 11. Topics in Current Genetics. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Schwenn, R. 2007. “Solar Wind Sources and Their Variations over the Solar Cycle.” In Solar Dynamics and Its Effects on the Heliosphere and Earth, edited by D. N. Baker, B. Klecker, S. J. Schwartz, R. Schwenn, and R. Von Steiger, 51–76. Space Sciences Series of ISSI. New York, NY: Springer.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Digital Journalism.

Blog post

Andrew, Elise. 2015. “Astronauts Test Underwater Virtual Reality Technology From Microsoft.” IFLScience, IFLScience, August 6. https://www.iflscience.com/space/astronauts-test-underwater-virtual-reality-technology-microsoft/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1973. In-Flight Escape Systems for Helicopters Should Be Developed To Prevent Fatalities. B-177166. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Thomas Hurford, Christianna Elrene. 2010. “‘In His Arm the Scar’: Medicine, Race, and the Social Implications of the 1721 Inoculation Controversy on Boston.” Doctoral dissertation, Ohio State University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Wagner, James. 2016. “Patchwork Mets Give Their Playoff Hopes a Boost.” New York Times, August 31, 2016.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Wadman 2006).
This sentence cites two references (Wadman 2006; Hsieh and Jewitt 2006).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Hsieh and Jewitt 2006)
Three authors: (Huynh, Dittmer, and Alivisatos 2002)
4 or more authors: (Azaele et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Digital Journalism
ISSN (print)	2167-0811
ISSN (online)	2167-082X
Scope