How to format your references using the Drugs - Real World Outcomes citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Drugs - Real World Outcomes. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

1. Trenberth K. Climate. Uncertainty in hurricanes and global warming. Science. 2005;308:1753–4.

A journal article with 2 authors

1. Turner SL, Ray A. Modification of CO2 avoidance behaviour in Drosophila by inhibitory odorants. Nature. 2009;461:277–81.

A journal article with 3 authors

1. Mori T, Vale RD, Tomishige M. How kinesin waits between steps. Nature. 2007;450:750–4.

A journal article with 7 or more authors

1. Heil F, Hemmi H, Hochrein H, Ampenberger F, Kirschning C, Akira S, et al. Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8. Science. 2004;303:1526–9.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

1. Sailor MJ. Porous Silicon in Practice. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA; 2011.

An edited book

1. Comin M, Käll L, Marchiori E, Ngom A, Rajapakse J, editors. Pattern Recognition in Bioinformatics: 9th IAPR International Conference, PRIB 2014, Stockholm, Sweden, August 21-23, 2014. Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

1. Yang L, Lin H, Lin Y. Sentiment Analysis Based on Chinese Thinking Modes. In: Zhou M, Zhou G, Zhao D, Liu Q, Zou L, editors. Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing: First CCF Conference, NLPCC 2012, Beijing, China, October 31-November 5, 2012 Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2012. p. 46–57.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Drugs - Real World Outcomes.

Blog post

1. Andrew E. How We Recreated The Early Universe In The Laboratory [Internet]. IFLScience. IFLScience; 2015 [cited 2018 Oct 30]. https://www.iflscience.com/space/how-we-recreated-early-universe-laboratory/. Accessed 30 Oct 2018

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

1. Government Accountability Office. Review of Selected Areas of Financial and Property Administration of Federal City College. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 1971 Oct. Report No.: B-167006.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

1. Zuckerman T. The Effect of Communication Between Parents and their Emerging Adult Offspring on Depression and Career Search Self-efficacy [Doctoral dissertation]. [Washington, DC]: George Washington University; 2017.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

1. Kirk S. Pin Hoarders Active. New York Times. 1942 Mar 3;BOOKS22.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Drugs - Real World Outcomes
Abbreviation	Drugs Real World Outcomes
ISSN (print)	2199-1154
ISSN (online)	2198-9788
Scope