How to format your references using the Early Human Development citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Early Human Development. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

[1]

S. Gupta, Avoiding ambiguity, Nature 412 (2001) 589.

A journal article with 2 authors

[1]

H. Hidaka, S. Yoneda, Radioactive Cs capture in the early solar system, Sci. Rep. 3 (2013) 1330.

A journal article with 3 authors

[1]

C. Bowler, D.M. Karl, R.R. Colwell, Microbial oceanography in a sea of opportunity, Nature 459 (2009) 180–184.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

[1]

J.W. Shaevitz, E.A. Abbondanzieri, R. Landick, S.M. Block, Backtracking by single RNA polymerase molecules observed at near-base-pair resolution, Nature 426 (2003) 684–687.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

[1]

J. Wang, Q. Wang, Body Area Communications, John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore, 2012.

An edited book

[1]

G. Shukla, A. Varma, eds., Soil Enzymology, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011.

A chapter in an edited book

[1]

P. Chalin, Are Practitioners Writing Contracts?, in: M. Butler, C.B. Jones, A. Romanovsky, E. Troubitsyna (Eds.), Rigorous Development of Complex Fault-Tolerant Systems, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2006: pp. 100–113.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Early Human Development.

Blog post

[1]

S. Luntz, Bacteria Can Make Zero-Viscosity Superfluids, IFLScience (2015). https://www.iflscience.com/physics/bacteria-can-make-zero-viscosity-superfluids/ (accessed October 30, 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

[1]

Government Accountability Office, Highway Safety: Effectiveness of State .08 Blood Alcohol Laws, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1999.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

[1]

C.A. Quiroz, A community risk assessment of 90032, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

[1]

C. Kelly, Facebook Status? In Town and Wondering What to Do, New York Times (2009) F5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Early Human Development
Abbreviation	Early Hum. Dev.
ISSN (print)	0378-3782
Scope	Obstetrics and Gynaecology Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health