How to format your references using the Earth System Dynamics Discussions citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth System Dynamics Discussions. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Clayton, J.: Chagas disease: pushing through the pipeline, Nature, 465, S12-5, 2010.

A journal article with 2 authors

Tingley, M. P. and Huybers, P.: Recent temperature extremes at high northern latitudes unprecedented in the past 600 years, Nature, 496, 201–205, 2013.

A journal article with 3 authors

Long, S. B., Casey, P. J., and Beese, L. S.: Reaction path of protein farnesyltransferase at atomic resolution, Nature, 419, 645–650, 2002.

A journal article with 100 or more authors

Choi, J. Y., Muallem, D., Kiselyov, K., Lee, M. G., Thomas, P. J., and Muallem, S.: Aberrant CFTR-dependent HCO3- transport in mutations associated with cystic fibrosis, Nature, 410, 94–97, 2001.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Schweiker, W.: Dust that Breathes, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, 2010.

An edited book

Cai, X.: Optimal Stochastic Scheduling, edited by: Wu, X. and Zhou, X., Springer US, Boston, MA, X, 416 p. 3 illus p., 2014.

A chapter in an edited book

Shi, M., Zhang, Z., and Zhou, D.: Studies on Carrying Capacity of Water Resources in Beijing and Tianjin: Based on the Water Footprint, in: Report on Development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province (2013): Measurement of Carrying Capacity and Countermeasures, edited by: Wen, K. and Zhu, E., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 99–118, 2015.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth System Dynamics Discussions.

Blog post

O`Callaghan, J.: Watch Live As Elon Musk Reveals His Plan To Colonize Mars, https://www.iflscience.com/space/watch-live-as-elon-musk-reveals-his-plan-to-colonize-mars/, last access: 30 October 2018, 2016., 2016.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office: District of Columbia: Weaknesses in Personnel Records and Public Schools’ Management Information and Controls, T-AIMD-95-170, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1995.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Holmstedt, C.: Low voltage switched-current cell and its application, Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 2013.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Koblin, J. and Barnes, B.: Hulu’s Chief Since 2013 Quits to Lead Sony TV Unit, , New York Times24th OctoberB3, 2017.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Clayton, 2010).
This sentence cites two references (Clayton, 2010; Tingley and Huybers, 2013).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Tingley and Huybers, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Choi et al., 2001)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth System Dynamics Discussions
Abbreviation	Earth Syst. Dyn. Discuss.
ISSN (online)	2190-4995
Scope