How to format your references using the Earth System Governance citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Earth System Governance. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Maquat, L.E., 2002. Molecular biology. Skiing toward nonstop mRNA decay. Science 295, 2221–2222.

A journal article with 2 authors

Grumbine, R.E., Pandit, M.K., 2013. Ecology. Threats from India’s Himalaya dams. Science 339, 36–37.

A journal article with 3 authors

Bryden, H.L., Longworth, H.R., Cunningham, S.A., 2005. Slowing of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 25 degrees N. Nature 438, 655–657.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Zakharova, K., Marzban, G., de Vera, J.-P., Lorek, A., Sterflinger, K., 2014. Protein patterns of black fungi under simulated Mars-like conditions. Sci. Rep. 4, 5114.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Loughran, M., 2010. Auditing for Dummies®. Wiley Publishing, Inc., Hoboken, NJ.

An edited book

Dell’Atti, S., Trotta, A. (Eds.), 2016. Managing Reputation in The Banking Industry: Theory and Practice. Springer International Publishing, Cham.

A chapter in an edited book

Håkanson, L., Bryhn, A.C., 2008. Operational Bioindicators for Coastal Management, in: Bryhn, A.C. (Ed.), Tools and Criteria for Sustainable Coastal Ecosystem Management: Examples from the Baltic Sea and Other Aquatic Systems, Environmental Science and Engineering Subseries: Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 125–158.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Earth System Governance.

Blog post

Andrew, E., 2014. Earth and Moon Are 60 Million Years Older Than Previously Believed [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/space/earth-and-moon-are-60-million-years-older-previously-believed/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1980. Does DOD Need a Dedicated System of High Altitude Satellites To Meet Its Strategic Communications Requirements for the Next Decade? (No. LCD-80-59). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Day, C., 2012. Medication-assisted treatment: Education for those who assist in the treatment of substance use disorders curriculum development (Doctoral dissertation). California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Hollander, S., 2002. Colleges Like Sarah Lawrence Are Putting Poets in Motion. New York Times D1.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Maquat, 2002).
This sentence cites two references (Grumbine and Pandit, 2013; Maquat, 2002).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Grumbine and Pandit, 2013)
Three or more authors: (Zakharova et al., 2014)

About the journal

Full journal title	Earth System Governance
ISSN (print)	2589-8116
Scope