How to format your references using the Ecological Engineering citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecological Engineering. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Seife, C., 2000. ASTRONOMY: Brown Dwarf’s Flare Opens X-ray Eyes. Science 289, 373a–4a.

A journal article with 2 authors

Polka, J.K., Krukenberg, K.A., 2014. Making science a desirable career. Science 346, 1422.

A journal article with 3 authors

Kreiman, G., Koch, C., Fried, I., 2000. Imagery neurons in the human brain. Nature 408, 357–361.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Kamal, A., Thao, L., Sensintaffar, J., Zhang, L., Boehm, M.F., Fritz, L.C., Burrows, F.J., 2003. A high-affinity conformation of Hsp90 confers tumour selectivity on Hsp90 inhibitors. Nature 425, 407–410.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Hase, Y., 2012. Handbook of Power Systems Engineering with Power Electronics Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, UK.

An edited book

Shelley, M.C., Yore, L.D., Hand, B. (Eds.), 2009. Quality Research in Literacy and Science Education: International Perspectives and Gold Standards. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht.

A chapter in an edited book

Gerhold, T., 2005. Overview of the Hybrid RANS Code TAU, in: Kroll, N., Fassbender, J.K. (Eds.), MEGAFLOW - Numerical Flow Simulation for Aircraft Design: Results of the Second Phase of the German CFD Initiative MEGAFLOW, Presented during Its Closing Symposium at DLR, Braunschweig, Germany, December 10 and 11, 2002, Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design (NNFM). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 81–92.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecological Engineering.

Blog post

Davis, J., 2017. Brutal Warfare May Help Explain Differences In Chimpanzee And Bonobo Societies [WWW Document]. IFLScience. URL https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/brutal-warfare-may-help-explain-differences-in-chimpanzee-and-bonobo-societies/ (accessed 10.30.18).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office, 1987. Motor Vehicle Safety: A Review of the NTSB Report on Rear Seat Lap Belt Effectiveness (No. RCED-88-13). U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Patel, V.M., 2010. Sparse and redundant representations for inverse problems and recognition (Doctoral dissertation). University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Kelly, S., 1993. CHILDREN’S BOOKS. New York Times 717.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Seife, 2000).
This sentence cites two references (Polka and Krukenberg, 2014; Seife, 2000).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Polka and Krukenberg, 2014)
Three or more authors: (Kamal et al., 2003)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecological Engineering
Abbreviation	Ecol. Eng.
ISSN (print)	0925-8574
Scope	Environmental Engineering Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law Nature and Landscape Conservation