How to format your references using the Ecological Restoration citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecological Restoration. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Hartwig, J. F. 2008. Carbon-heteroatom bond formation catalysed by organometallic complexes. Nature 455:314–322.

A journal article with 2 authors

Kliebenstein, D. J. and H. C. Rowe. 2009. Plant science. Anti-rust antitrust. Science (New York, N.Y.) 323:1301–1302.

A journal article with 3 authors

Hejazi, V., K. Sobolev, and M. Nosonovsky. 2013. From superhydrophobicity to icephobicity: forces and interaction analysis. Scientific reports 3:2194.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

Blasiak, L. C., F. H. Vaillancourt, C. T. Walsh, and C. L. Drennan. 2006. Crystal structure of the non-haem iron halogenase SyrB2 in syringomycin biosynthesis. Nature 440:368–371.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Krabbes, G., G. Fuchs, W.-R. Canders, H. May, and R. Palka. 2006. High Temperature Superconductor Bulk Materials. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Sojka, P., I. Kopeček, and K. Pala, editors. 2006. Text, Speech and Dialogue: 9th International Conference, TSD 2006, Brno, Czech Republic, September 11-15, 2006. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Ludlow, P. 2014. Recursion, Legibility, Use. Pages 89–112 in T. Roeper and M. Speas (eds), Recursion: Complexity in Cognition. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecological Restoration.

Blog post

Luntz, S. 2016, December 5. Blending Conventional And Concentrated Solar Captures Light Under Cloudy SkiesIFLScience. : IFLScience. https://www.iflscience.com/technology/blending-conventional-and-concentrated-solar-captures-light-under-cloudy-skies/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2013. FAA Oversight of Procedures and Technologies to Prevent and Mitigate the Effects of Dense, Continuous Smoke in the Cockpit. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Haug, J. J. 2010. A summer literacy intervention for struggling readers at the middle school level using strategies in comprehension, fluency, vocabulary, and positive school climate to improve reading comprehension: An evaluation study. Doctoral dissertation, : Lindenwood University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Markoff, J. 2016, October 23. As Artificial Intelligence Evolves, So Does Its Criminal Potential. New York Times.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Hartwig 2008).
This sentence cites two references (Hartwig 2008, Kliebenstein and Rowe 2009).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Kliebenstein and Rowe 2009)
Three or more authors: (Blasiak et al. 2006)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecological Restoration
ISSN (print)	1522-4740
ISSN (online)	1543-4079
Scope	Nature and Landscape Conservation