How to format your references using the Ecology of Freshwater Fish citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Ecology of Freshwater Fish. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Walsh, C. 2001. Enabling the chemistry of life. Nature, 409: 226–231.

A journal article with 2 authors

Chen, S.-W., & Liu, R.-B. 2014. Faraday rotation echo spectroscopy and detection of quantum fluctuations. Scientific reports, 4: 4695.

A journal article with 3 authors

Munoz, F., Couteron, P., & Hubbell, S. P. 2012. Comment on “Global correlations in tropical tree species richness and abundance reject neutrality.” Science (New York, N.Y.), 336: 1639; author reply 1639.

A journal article with 99 or more authors

Diaz-Herraiz, M., Jurado, V., Cuezva, S., Laiz, L., Pallecchi, P., Tiano, P., Sanchez-Moral, S., & Saiz-Jimenez, C. 2013. The actinobacterial colonization of Etruscan paintings. Scientific reports, 3: 1440.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Elliott, C. H., & Smith, L. L. 2010. Overcoming Anxiety for Dummies®. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing, Inc.

An edited book

Nguyen, N. T., Kowalczyk, R., Duval, B., van den Herik, J., Loiseau, S., & Filipe, J. (Eds.). 2015. Transactions on Computational Collective Intelligence XX (1st ed. 2015., Vol. 9420). Cham: Springer International Publishing.

A chapter in an edited book

Osipov, A., Rokhlin, V., & Xiao, H. 2013. Analysis of the Integral Operator. In: V. Rokhlin & H. Xiao, eds. Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions of Order Zero: Mathematical Tools for Bandlimited Approximation. Springer US: Boston, MA, pp. 135–169.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Ecology of Freshwater Fish.

Blog post

Andrew, E. 2015, September 28. Chemical Messengers: How Hormones Make Us Feel Hungry And Full. IFLScience. IFLScience.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 2013. Alternative Methods for Collecting Airport Passenger Facility Charges (No. GAO-13-262R). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Eakman, T. L. 2017. Education Level and Critical Thinking Skills Among Substance Use Counselors Nationwide: A Descriptive Comparative Study (Doctoral dissertation). Capella University, Minneapolis, MN.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Risen, J., & Fink, S. 2017, February 8. Pentagon Unit Considered Establishing a Secret Overseas Prison. New York Times, p. A19.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Walsh, 2001).
This sentence cites two references (Walsh, 2001; Chen & Liu, 2014).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Chen & Liu, 2014)
Three authors: (Munoz, Couteron, & Hubbell, 2012)
4 or more authors: (Diaz-Herraiz et al., 2013)

About the journal

Full journal title	Ecology of Freshwater Fish
Abbreviation	Ecol. Freshw. Fish
ISSN (print)	0906-6691
ISSN (online)	1600-0633
Scope	Aquatic Science Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Ecology