How to format your references using the Economies citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Economies. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Find the style here: output styles overview
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Dietl, G.P. Ecology: Different Worlds. Nature 2016, 529, 29–30.

A journal article with 2 authors

Orszag, J.M.; Orszag, P.R. Economics. Individual Accounts: Lessons from International Experience. Science 2005, 309, 250–251.

A journal article with 3 authors

Lutolf, M.P.; Gilbert, P.M.; Blau, H.M. Designing Materials to Direct Stem-Cell Fate. Nature 2009, 462, 433–441.

A journal article with 4 or more authors

D’Angelo, M.A.; Anderson, D.J.; Richard, E.; Hetzer, M.W. Nuclear Pores Form de Novo from Both Sides of the Nuclear Envelope. Science 2006, 312, 440–443.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Vento, J.J. Financial Independence (Getting to Point X ); John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: Hoboken, NJ, 2013; ISBN 9781118570951.

An edited book

Perspectives on the Archaeology of Pipes, Tobacco and Other Smoke Plants in the Ancient Americas; Anne Bollwerk, E., Tushingham, S., Eds.; Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology; 1st ed. 2016.; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; ISBN 9783319235516.

A chapter in an edited book

Semenistaya, T.V. Polyacrylonitrile-Based Materials: Properties, Methods and Applications. In Advanced Materials: Manufacturing, Physics, Mechanics and Applications; Parinov, I.A., Chang, S.-H., Topolov, V.Y., Eds.; Springer Proceedings in Physics; Springer International Publishing: Cham, 2016; pp. 61–77 ISBN 9783319263229.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Economies.

Blog post

Hale, T. Check Out These Amazing Waterspouts Spotted In China (accessed on 30 October 2018).

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office National Science Foundation: Steps Taken to Improve Contracting Practices, but Opportunities Exist to Do More; U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, DC, 2013;

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Betito, J.-J.H. Improving the Well-Being of Filipino Homebound Adults through Religious Involvement, Education, and Socialization: A Grant Proposal. Doctoral dissertation, California State University, Long Beach: Long Beach, CA, 2012.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Dynarski, S. So Much Student Debt, So Little Information. New York Times 2015, BU5.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by sequential numbers in square brackets:

This sentence cites one reference [1].
This sentence cites two references [1,2].
This sentence cites four references [1–4].

About the journal

Full journal title	Economies
ISSN (online)	2227-7099
Scope