How to format your references using the Education 3-13 citation style

This is a short guide how to format citations and the bibliography in a manuscript for Education 3-13. For a complete guide how to prepare your manuscript refer to the journal's instructions to authors.

Using reference management software

Typically you don't format your citations and bibliography by hand. The easiest way is to use a reference manager:

Paperpile	The citation style is built in and you can choose it in Settings > Citation Style or Paperpile > Citation Style in Google Docs.
EndNote	Download the output style file
Mendeley, Zotero, Papers, and others	The style is either built in or you can download a CSL file that is supported by most reference managers.
BibTeX	BibTeX styles are usually part of a LaTeX template. Check the instructions to authors if the publisher offers a LaTeX template for this journal.

Journal articles

Those examples are references to articles in scholarly journals and how they are supposed to appear in your bibliography.

Not all journals organize their published articles in volumes and issues, so these fields are optional. Some electronic journals do not provide a page range, but instead list an article identifier. In a case like this it's safe to use the article identifier instead of the page range.

A journal article with 1 author

Pendry, J. B. 2007. “Physics. Negative Refraction for Electrons?” Science (New York, N.Y.) 315 (5816): 1226–1227.

A journal article with 2 authors

Thompson, Katherine H., and Chris Orvig. 2003. “Boon and Bane of Metal Ions in Medicine.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 300 (5621): 936–939.

A journal article with 3 authors

Dharmawardhana, C. C., A. Misra, and Wai-Yim Ching. 2014. “Quantum Mechanical Metric for Internal Cohesion in Cement Crystals.” Scientific Reports 4 (December 2014): 7332.

A journal article with 11 or more authors

Birnbaum, S. G., P. X. Yuan, M. Wang, S. Vijayraghavan, A. K. Bloom, D. J. Davis, K. T. Gobeske, J. D. Sweatt, H. K. Manji, and A. F. T. Arnsten. 2004. “Protein Kinase C Overactivity Impairs Prefrontal Cortical Regulation of Working Memory.” Science (New York, N.Y.) 306 (5697): 882–884.

Books and book chapters

Here are examples of references for authored and edited books as well as book chapters.

An authored book

Martinsen, Ulfert. 2017. Kostenrechnung in Der Bauwirtschaft. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

An edited book

Kreiss, Gunilla, Per Lötstedt, Axel Målqvist, and Maya Neytcheva, eds. 2010. Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications 2009: Proceedings of ENUMATH 2009, the 8th European Conference on Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications, Uppsala, July 2009. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

A chapter in an edited book

Tonnara, Pierluigi. 2016. “Risk Assessment.” In The New Anti-Money Laundering Law: First Perspectives on the 4th European Union Directive, edited by Domenico Siclari, 57–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing.

Web sites

Sometimes references to web sites should appear directly in the text rather than in the bibliography. Refer to the Instructions to authors for Education 3-13.

Blog post

Taub, Ben. 2015. “Outrageous Drunken Behavior Linked To Genetic Mutation.” IFLScience, IFLScience, November 18. https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/outrageous-drunken-behavior-linked-genetic-mutation/.

Reports

This example shows the general structure used for government reports, technical reports, and scientific reports. If you can't locate the report number then it might be better to cite the report as a book. For reports it is usually not individual people that are credited as authors, but a governmental department or agency like "U. S. Food and Drug Administration" or "National Cancer Institute".

Government report

Government Accountability Office. 1993. Energy and Science Reports and Testimony: 1992. RCED-93-131. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Theses and dissertations

Theses including Ph.D. dissertations, Master's theses or Bachelor theses follow the basic format outlined below.

Doctoral dissertation

Gajewski, Thomas J. 2014. “Exploring Leadership Styles from a Mediator’s Perspective: A Phenomenological Study Examining Four Specific Organizational Leadership Styles and Their Relationship to Four Mediation Styles as Summarized by Leonard L. Riskin.” Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University.

News paper articles

Unlike scholarly journals, news papers do not usually have a volume and issue number. Instead, the full date and page number is required for a correct reference.

New York Times article

Pilon, Mary. 2012. “Racer Adds a Challenge: Obesity.” New York Times, November 21, 2012.

In-text citations

References should be cited in the text by name and year in parentheses:

This sentence cites one reference (Pendry 2007).
This sentence cites two references (Pendry 2007; Thompson and Orvig 2003).

Here are examples of in-text citations with multiple authors:

Two authors: (Thompson and Orvig 2003)
Three authors: (Dharmawardhana, Misra, and Ching 2014)
4 or more authors: (Birnbaum et al. 2004)

About the journal

Full journal title	Education 3-13
Abbreviation	Educ. 3 13
ISSN (print)	0300-4279
ISSN (online)	1475-7575
Scope	Education Life-span and Life-course Studies